The militia and the right to arms, or, How the Second Amendment fell silent

The gun in the American self-portrait

The militia ideal in the American revolutionary era

Madisonian structuralism: the place of the militia in the new American science of government

The decay of the old militia, 1789-1840

The era of the volunteers, 1840-1903

The United States army and the United States Army National Guard in the twentieth century

Text and context

Other theories of meaning considered

The Emerson case.