Colombia: fragmented land, divided society

Continuity and change in Colombia's economic geography: an overview

Pre-Columbian cultures

European conquest

Colonial economy and society, 1540-1780

Crises of authority, 1700-1808

Independence, 1808-1825

Bolívar's Colombia, 1819-1831

The formation of new Granada as a polity, 1831-1845: origins of the two traditional parties

Economy and society, 1821-1850

The liberal era, 1845-1876

Neither liberty nor order, 1875-1903

The republic of coffee, 1903-1946

A nation of cities

Political violence in the second half of the twentieth century.